Parshat Mishpatim

Yossi Lhungdim

PARASHAT MISHPATIM, 5780

Le'ilui Nishmat Gideon Ben Avraham ve'Rivkah Khongsai Bat Sarah. Tihyeh Nishmatam Tzrorah Bitzror Hakhayim

אם־אדניו יתן־לו אשה
Im adonaiv yiten lo isha…
(Apupa'n aji ding apeh a ahileh …)
                                                               ~ Shemoth 21:4

Parasha masapa, Parashat Yitro a chun ipu-ipa teuvin Sinai muol a Torah anakisaan thu u akisun in. Tuchung Parasha ivet a ahileh mihem teho khat le khat chamdel'a achenkhom theina ding uva poimo mama jieng daan le muol – Civil Laws – Ivrit a  Mishpatim ho ah akipan in ahi. Chuleh kidang tah in hiche Mishpatim hohi thudang-laadang hilou in Hebrew mi soh a kivul/kijoh – Eved Ivri toh kisai daan le muol ho'n akipan uve.

Khazal ho'n aseinauva Hebrew mi soh a kijoh kiti chu aguhchat jeh a Beit Din in ajoh ah ahi. Gucha kiti chu akimatdoh a ahileh athilguh man aledit ding ti ahi'n. Hinlah iham ti'a hiche gucha chun athilguh man chu anung ledit jou tahlou a ahileh ama chu soh a kijohdoh ji ah ahitai.

 Mefarshim ho le Khokhmei Mussar ho'n aseinauva Parashat Mishpatim hi thildang hilou'a Eved Ivri toh kisai daan le muol'a ahung kipat hin Am Israel te jouse P-thien in angailut dan avetsah ah ahi atiuve. Am Israel sung'a aphamo pen tithei gucha pa jieng jong P-thien in angailu'n, amachun mithil gu in tin, phatseh tobang in P-thien thupeh palkeh iing jieng tajong leh P-thien in angailut dan chu Am Israel te MIshpatim ahung peh chun amasapen in apansah nalai in ahi ti ahiye.

Langkhat a ihetsa ma bang uvin Hebrew mi soh a kijoh a chu apupa'n aji ding Canaan mi numei apuipeh thei ah ahi.  Hitoh kisai hin Rambam in a lekhabu sut, Mishneh Torah, Hilkhot Avadim, Perek Gimel, Halakha Gimel na'ah hitin asun e: "Im Adonaiv yiten lo isha…" ti'a Torah a akisut bang a koi hileh Beit Din in soh ding'a ajuhdoh a chu apupa'n (achopa kiseina) aji ding Canaan mi apeh thei ding. Iham ti'a apupa athi khah tah jong leh achapa'n sohpa ding'a chu Canaan numei aji ding'a apeh thei ding ah ahiye.

Hilaiya Rambam thilsut Halakha pahi (apupa athileh apupa chapa jieng in jong Canaan numei ji ding'a pehna tha anei iti pauhi kiseina) hoi'a kuon ahin lahdoh a ham ti a makor (source) het ahitapoi. Ajehchu Torah a kisunpa ivet a ahileh "Apupa" kiti chu soh chopa bou kiseina hi'ah ahi. Chuti ahileh apupa athi khah a ahitah leh achapa in sohpa ji ding a Canaan numei apeh thei ding ti'a Rambam in asei chu ipi a pansan a asei ham ti kichehlou ah ahita'n ahi.

Hitoh kilhon chun Kesef Mishneh jieng in jong hilaiya Rambam Halakha pahi a Makor ahetlou jeh in hilchetna peh ding dan aboi in. Hilchetna ima pehbe talou in a Rambam thilsutpa chu asun in, imadang anabelap poi. (Kesef Mishneh hi Mishneh Torah Le'Rambam hilchien holah'a lekhabu khat, Maran Yosef Karo in asut ah ahiye.)  

 Hetding khat chu hilai mun bep hi ahipo'n, Rambam hin athilsut ho a Makor kichehtah a anapeh ji lou jeh in amakhang chun mitamtah in athilsut ho hi pom hahsa anasauvin ahi. Ama khang'a ding'a Poskim le Talmid Khakham tamtah in demna jong ananei uve.

Aipi chu hitaleh hilaiya Rambam Halakha sut pa hi a makor ipi hi'a chule iti hilchetna kipe tan tem???

Rabbi Isser Zalman Meltzer, Even Ha'Ezel kiti lekhabu sun pa'n hilaiya mijouse lungdonna pa – Rambam in hoilaiya kuon a hitobang Halakha ahin jildoh ham tichu a Makor toh pum in hilchetna ahung pe e.

Rabbi Isser Zalman Meltzer in aseina ah hiche ho jouse hilchetna hi tuchung Parasha a kuon mudoh thei ahiye. "Apupa'n aji ding apeh a ahileh…" ti pasuk masang ivet a ahileh "Kum 6 sung naa atoh ding…." ti'n akisun in ahi. Hichun ipi avetsah em iti leh soh kiti chu koi choh hitaleh asoh-naa toh ding chu kum 6 hiding; apupa hin le man a kingamlou tina ahi. Henge apupa (Ivirit a Adonaiv) iti tieng achopa mong mong kiseina ahinai. Hijieng jong leh kum 6 kichaima'a achopa, tichu apupa dihtah chu abei khah tah leh phat kitep sung, kum 6 pachu beilou lai ahitoh kilhon a apupa nei-le-gou luo pen-pen heng'a chu um den'a, soh-naa chu atoh deng ding ah ahitai. Chule hiche apupa bei nung sang'a anatohna pa chun aumtalou, apupa dihtah pa tobang'a chu achung'a jong tha anei ding tina ahi.  

Langkhat a Torah in "Adonaiv" atichu apupa dihtah pa, soh chopa chu ahi itiu a ahitah leh iti dan a apupa dihtah bei nung sang'a anei-agou luopa jong chu sohpa pupa iti hithei a, sohpa pupa masapa bang'a chu aman jong sohpa chung'a tha anei thei'a, Canaan numei jong aji ding'a apeh thei hintem?

Rav pa'n aseina ah hitin hilchetn apei : Parashat Mishpatim kipatna chu ivet a ahileh "Ki tikne eved ivri"  (Hebrew mi soh a nachoh a ahileh – 2^nd person kimang) ti'n akisun e. Hinlah kidang tah in Torah in aban lang'a pao kiman dan pachu ahin khel in "im Adonaiv yiten lo isha" ti'n ahin sei kittan ahi. Abul lang'a chu "Soh nachoh a ahileh.." atileh aban a jong chu "im titen lo isha" (sohpa chu aji ding napeh a ahileh - 2^nd person ma a) ati ding dol ah hilou ham? Ipi atileh Torah in "Apupa'n aji ding apeh leh.." ti'a paocheng ahin mang hintem? Ajehchu sohpa natoh ding hi kum 6 a kingam a apupa thi-le-hin a kingam lou ahitoh kilhon a hilaiya "Adonaiv" – apupa kiti hi achopa bouseh kiseina hilou'a ama thinung'a anei-agou hin  luo ho jong kiseina  hi ah ahi. Chuti ahileh Rambam in Mishneh Torah, Hilkhot Avadim a asut chu kichehsel ah tina ahitai.                                     

SHABBATH SHALOM LEKULAM